In his first speech, in March 2016, as 20th Portuguese President, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa guaranteed that every Portuguese person was rooted in his first determining thought. It was in the people that President Marcelo found legitimacy to develop everything he sought. But will this concern in building bridges, in bringing others closer to him, be reflected on the journalistic coverage that his work raises? From the analysis of the first two years of his term, what is striking is the depiction of a President who wants everyone close to him, and yet the whole daily press discourse is centred on him. The President has consistently aligned himself with different social actors and has made a visible effort to expand his political action to different Portuguese regions and also to several other countries. However, the President is the main source and hegemonic voice in journalistic discourse. This research begins with the following question: How does the journalistic coverage of President Marcelo's activity, during his two-year term of office (2016-2018), concur with and guarantee the principles of autonomy and exemption in the news construction? Taking into account this research question, in methodological terms, this study will analyse the two years of journalistic coverage of the presidential activity, from a set of daily and weekly newspapers. The technique of content analysis will be used, in a categorical approach, following Bardin's (2013) and Lopes & Espírito Santo's (2016) previous framework. The expected results are the identification of the relationship between the political involvement of Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa as President and the construction of the press message, combined with the potential introduction of a new role for the President as a political and media actor of the democratic system.

RESUMO Embora a análise de modelos partidários e tipos de composição partidária tenham sido amplamente discutidas em nível teórico, a pesquisa empírica sobre o tema não atraiu atenção semelhante. Este estudo contribui para preencher esta lacuna examinando um caso pouco estudado, nomeadamente os membros dos partidos políticos portugueses. O objetivo central deste artigo é contribuir para o estudo do ativismo e engajamento partidário, em uma perspectiva comparativa, considerando diferentes tipos de partidos. A pesquisa foi baseada em um questionário on-line conduzido pela rede de pesquisa MAPP (Members and Activists of Political Parties). O conjunto de dados incluiu membros de várias legendas, desde dos tradicionais catch-all parties (PS - Partido Socialista; PSD - Partido Social Democrata) até partidos de elite (CDS-PP - Partido Social-Democrata Centro-Popular), bem como partidos de "movimento" (BE - Bloco Esquerdo; LIVRE). O estudo abrange quatro dimensões principais de filiação partidária: perfil sóciodemográfico dos membros do partido, atitudes ideológicas, razões para ingressar no partido e níveis e tipos de ativismo. Mostramos que a filiação partidária em Portugal segue tendências semelhantes a outras democracias europeias avançadas, embora com diferenças importantes entre os partidos. Estes resultados são um importante barômetro para medir a qualidade da democracia, especialmente em uma tão jovem quanto a de Portugal.

ABSTRACT While the analysis of party models and types of party members has been widely discussed at the theoretical level, empirical research has not attracted similar attention. This study contributes to filling this gap by examining an understudied case, namely party members in Portuguese political parties. The key objective of this article is to make a contribution to the study of activism and dedication to the party, in a comparative perceptive, considering different types of parties. The survey applied was based on an on-line questionnaire conducted within the MAPP (Members and Activists of Political Parties) research network. The dataset included members of several parties ranging from typical catch-all parties (PS - Socialist Party; PSD - Social Democratic Party) to elite-based types (CDS-PP - Social Democratic Centre-Popular Party), as well as 'movement' party types (BE - Left Bloc; LIVRE). The study covers four main dimensions of party membership: party members' socio-demographic profile, ideological attitudes, reasons for joining the party, and activism levels and types. We show that party membership in Portugal follows similar trends to other advanced European democracies, albeit with important differences between parties. These results are an important barometer for measuring the quality of democracy, especially one as young as Portugal's.

RESUMEN Aunque el análisis de los modelos de partido, así como de los tipos de miembros, se ha discutido ampliamente a nivel teórico, la investigación empírica respecto al tema no ha atraído la misma atención. Este estudio contribuye a llenar este vacío al examinar un caso poco estudiado: los miembros de partido en partidos políticos portugueses. Nuestro objetivo es hacer una contribución al estudio del activismo y el involucramiento con el partido, en una clave comparativa, considerando distintos tipos de partidos. La encuesta aplicada se basó en un cuestionario en línea realizado dentro de la red de investigación MAPP (Miembros y Activistas de Partidos Políticos). El conjunto de datos incluyó miembros de varios partidos que van desde los típicos partidos catch-all (PS - Partido Socialista; PSD - Partido Socialdemócrata) hasta los tipos de base de élite (CDS-PP - Centro Demócrata-Popular-Partido Social), así como los partidos 'movimiento' (BE - Bloque izquierdo; LIVRE). El estudio cubre cuatro dimensiones principales de la pertenencia al partido: perfil sociodemográfico de los miembros del partido; actitudes ideológicas; razones para unirse al partido y; niveles y tipos de activismo. Demostramos que la pertenencia a partidos en Portugal sigue tendencias similares a otras democracias europeas avanzadas, aunque con diferencias importantes entre los partidos. Estos resultados son un importante 'barómetro' para medir la calidad de la democracia, especialmente en un caso tan joven como el de Portugal.

RÉSUMÉ Bien que l'analyse des modèles de parti et des types de membres du parti ont été largement discutée au niveau théorique, la recherche empirique n'a pas attiré une attention similaire. Cette étude contribue à combler cette lacune en examinant une affaire peu étudiée, à savoir les membres de partis politiques portugais. L'objectif principal de cet article est de contribuer à l'étude de l'activisme et du dévouement envers le parti, de façon perceptive, en tenant compte des différents types de partis. L'enquête appliquée reposait sur un questionnaire en ligne mené au sein du réseau de recherche MAPP (Membres et Militants des Partis Politiques). Le jeu de données comprenait des membres de plusieurs partis allant des typiques catch-all parties (PS - Parti socialiste; PSD - Parti social démocrate) aux types à base d'élite (CDS-PP - Parti populaire social-démocrate), en passant par le type 'mouvement' (BE - Bloc de gauche; LIVRE). L'étude couvre quatre dimensions principales de l'appartenance à un parti : le profil sociodémographique des membres, les attitudes idéologiques, les raisons pour lesquelles ils adhèrent au parti et les niveaux et types d'activisme. Nous montrons que l'appartenance à un parti au Portugal suit des tendances similaires à celles d'autres démocraties européennes avancées, avec toutefois des différences importantes entre les partis. Ces résultats constituent un baromètre important pour mesurer la qualité de la démocratie, en particulier si jeune que celle du Portugal.

O artigo presente tem como objectivo a análise das representações discursivas, políticas e dos valores contidos nos slogans das eleições presidenciais portuguesas, a partir de 1976, data das primeiras eleições presidenciais pós-revolução de 1974, até 2006. Os resultados do estudo incidirão na análise da diferenciação discursiva, política, ideológica e dos valores contidos nos slogans de campanha. Do ponto de vista metodológico, este estudo utiliza a análise de conteúdo, suportada na vertente qualitativa e inferencial, direccionada para os conteúdos informacionais considerados.

This chapter’s objective is the analysis of a set of discursive and political representations as well as the analysis of the values contained on the slogans of the Portuguese presidential elections, from 1976, when the first presidential election occurred, after the 1974 revolution, till 2006. The results of the study will focus the analysis of the discursive, political and ideological differentiation contained in the campaign slogans. In methodological terms, the present study is based on the content analysis technique, supported in a qualitative and inferential view, focused on the considered informational contents.